Chimney.



J. V. BOLAND.

CHIMNEY.

APPLIoATIoN FILED SEPT. 29. 191s.

1,107,883, Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

3 SHEETS-"SHEET 1.

THE NORR'IS PETERS C01, PHIJI'ULITWO. WASHINGYOI. L!4 r:A

J. V. BOLAND.

GHIMNEY.

APPLIoATIoN rxLnn SEPT. ne, 1913.

1,1'0'75883. Patented Aug.18, 1914 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A f ff Jazz@ ma/da@ rHE NOR/ws PETERS Ca, PHOTovLlrna. WASHING rcN, nvL:

J. V. BOLAND.

OHIMNBY.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 29, 191s.

1 1 07,883. Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

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THE NuleR/s PETERS Cor. PHOTO-Luna.. wAaHlNcmN, a c.

JOHN V. BOLAND, OF ST. LOUIS,` MISSOURI.

CHIMNEY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aun'. 18, 1914.

Application filed September 29, 1913'. Serial No. 792,403.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JonN V. BoLANn, a citizenof the United States, residing in the city of St. Louis and State ofMissouri, have invented a new and useful Chimney, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to chimneys, and has special reference to largechimneys of the type employed by factories, smelters, power plants andother industrial concerns.

An objectl of the invention is to provide a chimney comprising a base orfoundation arranged to support the chimney structure proper, and achimney wall structure rising above said base or foundation andcomprising a lining formed of hollow fire brick, the chambers of whichform a continuous air passage from the bottom to the top of the chimney,an outer wall surface composed of brick or other similar' buildingmaterial, and a concrete filler between said lining and said outer wallsurface, with provision for locking thelining and the outer wall withthe concrete, whereby the entire chimney struc ture is strengthened.,

Another object is to provide an improved chimney comprising annouterwall surface which may be composed of ordinary building brick, and alining composed of hollow fire brick arranged to form a continuouspassage from near the bottom to the top of the chimney to enable the airto circulate and pass to cool the chimney, in combination with aconcrete `body or filler between said outer wall and said lining, andreinforcing rods embedded in said concrete.

A further object is `to provide an improved chimney comprising aconcrete filler or body, reinforcing rods embedded in said concrete, anouter wall portion composed of brick or the like and having headers atintervals extending into and embedded withiny the concrete, and a liningcomposed of hollow fire brick forming continuous air passages from nearthe bottom to the top of the chimney, and headers arranged at intervalsin said lining extending into and embedded in the concrete; whereby boththe lining and the wall portion are rigidly united with the concrete bythe bonding action of the concrete upon said headers.

@ther objects will appear from the following detailed description,reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which I haveillustrated a preferred embodiment of my invention, and in which Figure1 is an elevation of a chimney constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 2 is ancnlarged sectional view substantially on the line2-2 of F 1. Fig is a sectional View on the line of Fior. 4;. Fig. 4 is aview showing a portion of the lining, a part of the inner walls of thelire brick being broken away Kto disclose the arrangement of theconnnunicating chambers, and the `openings through the headers by whichcontinuous passages arcformod from near the bottom to the top of thechimney. Fig. `5 is a vertical sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3.Fig. G is an elevation partially in section of the lower part of thechimney and the base illustrating in detail the arrangement of thereinforcing rods in the chimney wall structure and in the base orfoundation. Fig. 7 is a view which is half in planof the completechimney and foundation, and a half is in section through the foundationillustrating the arrangement of the reinforcements embedded in theconcrete.

The base or foundation 1 of the chimney is constructed by firstproviding a layer of concrete, which may be below the surface of theground and within an excavation if del sired. A series of reinforcingrods or beams Q is placed upon the layer of concrete, and another seriesof rods or beams 3 is placed transversely upon the rods or beams 2. A.vertical series of rods 1l is provided with laterally extended portions5 on their lower ends, which laterally extended portions` extend underthe rods or beams 2,` thereby connecting or `interlocking the verticalrein-` forcements with the reinforcements in the base or foundation.After the reinforcements have thus been placed the base or foundation iscompleted by additional quantities of concrete placed upon thepreliminary layer, so as to embed the base reinforcements, as well asthe lower ends of the vertical reinforcements. y

The base or foundation `may be of any suitable dimensions and shape, andfinished off with a ledge 6. Uponfthc ledge (3 an outer wall portion 7erected, for the chimney proper. The wall portion 7 may bc composed ofordinary building brick, and constitutes the outer surface of a`chimney. An inner wall portion or lining S is also built upon the baseor foundation, and is concentric with the brick wall. The brick wall andthe lining are separated by suitable space into which the upper portionsof the vertical reinforcing rods 4; extend. After the brick work 7 andthe lining 8 have been erected to a suitable height the interveningspace is filled with concrete, so as to form a concrete filler or body9, which is monolithically united with the base or foundation 1 andwhich embeds the reinforcing rods 4C above the base or foundation. Atsuitable intervals, say eight or ten inches apart, the brick structure 7is varied to provide headers 10 which extend into and have their innerends embedded in the concrete wall structure 9 so as to form a strongand rigid connection and union between the brick and the concreteportions of the wall. The headers 10 extend inwardly beyond thereinforcing rods 1, and those which encounter the reinforcing rods areprovided with notches 11, (Fig. 5), to receive the rods. The series ofrods A are encircled between each adjacent row of headers 10 by anencircling rod or bail 12, which are embedded in the concrete, andreceive many of the stresses of the chimney. Near the bottom of thechimney a series of openings 13 are formed through the brick andconcrete wall structure, said openings communicating' with and openinginto the chambers in the hollow iire brick forming the lining 8. Thus,cooling currents of air may enter the air chambers near the bottom ofthe chimney and circulate upwardly, passing out of the open air chambersat the top of the chimney, thereby cooling a-nd preserving the firebrick lining.

Each of the fire brick in the lining is pref- Arably composed of twovertical chambers 14 formed by a vertical partition 15. The fire brickare arranged to break joint, as illustrat-ed in F ig. A1, in sucharrangement that the chambersform continuous passages. In some cases,part of the walls and partitions of the i'ire brick may be broken out,as indicated at 16 in Fig. 4, in order to provide lateral communicationand thereby enable the air to have free passage and circulation entirelyaround the chimney lining. At intervals the structure of the lining isvaried to provide headers 17, which extend outwardly and have theirouter ends embedded in the concrete portion 9 ofthe wall. rlhe headers17 extend between adjacent rows of headers 10, and are provided withnotches 1S to receive the rods A. Openings 19 are formed through theheaders 17, and constitute continuations of the chambers in the lirebrick above and below said headers for free circulation of the air.

Near the bottom of the chimney an opening 2() is formed, (which may bekept closed by a suitable door if desired), which constitutes a passagethrough which access may be had to the interior of the chimney for thepurpose of removing accumulations from the bottom of the chimney, etc.At a suitable height above the base or foundation an opening 21 isprovided for connection with.

a flue or smoke pipe. The wall of the opening 21 is formed by hollowfire brick'22 the chambers of which communicate with chambers 1A in thefire brick forming the lining, so that the cooling air may pass inproximity to the wall of the smoke inlet. Additional verticalreinforcing rods 23 are embedded in the co-ncrete at the sides of theopening 21, in order to provide strong reinforcement for the chimneywall structure adjacent to said openino.

An ornamental reinforcing ledge 24 is provided near the top of thechimney. The chimney tapers gradually from the bottom to the top, and isstrengthened by said con struction.

lf am aware that there may be variations within equivalent limitswithout departure from the scope of the invention.

l.What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates is:

1. A chimney comprising a concrete base, an annular series ofreinforcing rods having their lower ends embedded in said base, and aconcrete wall in monolithic connection with said base and embedding saidrods, in combination with a fire brick lining supported on said base, anouter brickwall portion encircling said concrete wall, headers arrangedat intervals in said outer brick wall portion and having their innerends embedded in said concrete wall, and rods en circling said annularseries of rods between said headers, substantially as described.

2. A chimney comprising a concrete base, an annular series of verticalrods having their lower ends embedded in said base, a concrete wallembedding said rods, a .lining composed of hollow brick and headersarranged at intervals and extending into said concrete wall, passagesthrough said headers communicating with the openings in said hollowbrick, a brick outer wall surface against said concrete wall, headers atintervals in said outer wall surface extending into said concrete wall,and reinforcing rods encircling said annular series of rods between saidheaders, substantially as described.

In witness whereof, l have signed this speciication in the presence oftwo subscrib-` ing witnesses.

JUHN V. BOLAND.

Witnesses R. M. LAWRENCE, J. D. RIPPEY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

` Washington. D.. o.

